Axioms

I like to approach things like a math proof. When you’re solving a problem, first you look at what information is given, and these are the things that are just true. That’s what you build the structure of the solution around.

These axioms are the things that I think are just true about life. They are the framework for how I approach anything, whether that’s solving a problem, starting a company, or making a decision. I think not enough people take the time to really think about what is actually true, and what should drive decision making.

On Reality

Time Passes

Time will always pass. Markets will always evolve. It is best to build systems that benefit from the passage of time.

Adversity is an Opportunity

Events themselves are neither positive nor negative. Their meaning comes from interpretation and response.

Intelligence is Cheap

The existence of an idea and the perceived credibility of its source are not evidence of its value. Results are more important than explanations.

The Future is Uncertain

Certainty decreases with distance.

Local Competition Creates Global Order

Global structure emerges from competition among millions of self‑interested decision makers.

On Systems

Reality Wins

Statistical evidence outranks elegant stories. Narratives, however compelling, don't ensure inevitability.

You Are What You Measure

Measurements are instructions on what to optimize. Systems become what their metrics reward. Behavior follows incentives.

Architecture Determines Outcomes

Systems produce what they are built to produce. Design defines the result.

Inevitability Can Be Engineered

An outcome is inevitable when the power of the forces driving it exceed those opposing it.

Speed Determines Advantage

The rate of iteration determines how fast a system improves.

Signal Requires Repetition

Single observations can mislead. Only repeated trials reveal signal.

On Responsibility

People Make Decisions

Systems inform decisions. They do not remove responsibility. Anything you sign off on reflects your judgment and your character. Accountability cannot be delegated.

You're Always On

Everything you do signals who you are and reflects on the people associated with you.

Responsibility Creates Authority

Responsibility is earned by voluntarily carrying downside. Those willing to bear risk gain the right to make decisions.

Clarity Improves Effectiveness

Knowing how to act makes action more effective.